X-ray apparatus



July 4, 1933.` A. BoUwERs Er AL X-RAY APPARATUS Filed Oct. l5, 1931 3Sheets-Sheet 1 July 4, 1933. A BOUWERS .ET AL 1,917,090

XRAY APPARATUS Filed OCT.. 15, I 1951 3 Sheet-Sheet 2 July 4, 1933. A.BoUwERs ET Al.

X-RAY APPARATUS Filed Oct. l5, 1951 3 SheetS-Shee'l 3 V VA ma LANDS iThe invention conceinslan'apparatusjwhieh 'is Vpartieularly .suitable'forV the Vradiological examinationnf thev structure; of o i'ystals. The:apparatus-may, however, loefutilized` 'forj- Inanyothei',purposesbothfin the `field yo ffthe testingoi'inaterialsandoftherapeutics.,

` TheA apparatus according [to f. theinizent'ion l essentiallyCons'ists'of apatfeoniprisinga i' transformen 'are united.: 1 'Tivseemed .atopenings iffitheheadepc 'ofthe'`transformereasejand'ofthefenielope'iof they;

'v soyuna tube;,whiehfopenings ai-'e in alinement,A.l @ne The'head-pieceof.the'tiansfornar easing;vl 1n ay he; employed "for enclosing Y an;eleetrio .niotoiiwithafan foizthe'coolingo thev yXjray tube. .Theapparatus I nay'beequi terchan'geable tubes fon different-voltages andappropiate value of the', Voltage,ff The tact that the tube and' thev-Ltrans'foijnierr case are A.rnhned in 'the' manner `as above describedV'so asftoV forinf'arenders it possible "to employ a devioepby'meansfofWhiohgthe ad.-

justment of the'coi'reetyoltageisff'autoniatii` v'iees tothe tubes',owing-to mutual deviation in their feonstruetion,bringfthe ldeuioe'j forswitching-inthe; 'jdiierent Volt'agesjfintof the for" the' eleoti'io.Connection of the tubes-fidi the 'einde `a headpi'eoe WhiChemjiies `theXrfa'y tuhefand eneloses conducto-rs, leading.` from 1thetiansforinetothe points-fontheattaol Y inentfofthetube;This.attaehmentinayffbe" ppe v,width j Inf-order to prevent-'the con'neot be provided WithV adeviceV for adj listingV the Voltagefthis'pos j lThis is Y-ee'etedfinfa,sinoplenanne .viding the 'devices;for theeonneetion to the n fixed Lpart;V (this .shouldbe;understoodzt'oineanf that part ofthe appaxfatuswhich contains;

the transformer) f vvthV one "or Inoie members,

i'Which-,-Whenfthetubes aremounted, maybe actuated by thef means l of Yfattaehnjientglwith `-vi'vhi'eh'lthe; tubes areprovided, and ,b 'off Inernb frfee andfdoes not pushl-it inwards; i

Xing-means andztheclosure of iivhieh isloifoug'g'hdi-, 1V

-aboutffolienderedlpossible,whenthejitubes alfegb'eingmounted-',gby"adevicezeonnected cally enacted; infact, the'device 'foradiilisti fthem'eansfor thefattachment" ,ing the diffeent-Yoltagesmay becombinediA with the means A'for ytheV attachment-of 1the 'tubeV insuChfmanne 1"-` the Connectingde- -ioo in section, in a verticalposition, the tube being parallel to the plane of the drawings.

Figure 2 represents, likewise partly in section, a lateral elevation ofthe same apparatus and Figures 3 and 4 show details. Y As shown in thedrawings, a preferred construction embodying the invention comprises .ametallic transformer casing having a portion l enclosing thehigh-tension transformer and a hollow extension, head-piece or pedestalQthrough which pass the insulated current conductors 8 and 9 leading tothe XVI-ray' tube. The env-clope 3 of an X-ray tube 4 is provided withopenings registering with openings in the top of the head-piece 2. Theends ofthe conductors 8 and 9 leading from the transformer extend intothe openings in the envelope 3 of the X-ray tube and are provided withterminals forming transformer contact terminals adapted to contact withcooperating contact terminals on the X-r ay tube as described below. i f

The attachment of the tube is effected with the aid of coupling nuts 5and 6 which are screwed on to a projecting rim 7 of the' headpiece 2 asshown in Fig. 3. The transformer contact devices comprise insulatingmembers 10 at the ends of the conductors 8 and 9. These insulatingmembers carry at their end contact members which cooperate withtheVcontact members secured to the poles of the tube. For the anodeterminal of the tube this electrical connection is shown in section inFigure l. lin this figure 11 is the end of the supply conductor of theanode. A resilient contact piece l2 is vsecured to the connecting piecel0 and comes into contact with the end l1 when the tube is mounted.Furthermore there is a pressure switch 13 which is included in theprimary circuit of the transformer. rThis switch is closed by screwingon the nut 5 which depresses the pin la (see Fig. 3). Se long as thishas not occurred no high voltage can consequently be applied to th-econnecting contacts and there is thus no danger Vof the operatorreceiving an accidental shock from the high-tension terminals of thetransformer. instead of the switch 13 a locking device of a switch inthe primary circuit may be actuated by th-e securing member owing towhich the closure of the circuit is only possible after the tube hasbeen mounted.

The securing device on the cathode-side is provided with la similar'switch l5 which serves another purpose. Within the head 2 is arranged aresistance i6 which is included in the primary circuit of thetransformer but which may be short-circuited with the aid of the switchl5. By screwing-on the nut 6, the pin terminating this switch at the topis pushed-in. This movement does not take place however, when thecoupling nut has the shape shown in idigure 4l. `The nut representedinthis figure has a groove to receive the pin of the switch l5 so thatthe latteris not actuated whenfor the attachment of the tube the nut isscrewed-on. Such a nut is present with the tube for the operation ofwhich the primary circuit ofthe transformer needs an eXtra-resistance(the resistance 16) so that the voltage applied to the tube isautomatically adjusted at the required value. lt is evident that thisdevice may be extended at will with more such contact devices so thatdifferent combinations are possible. Such devices may also serve toadjust the voltage on the incandescent cathode at different values.

For a radiological examination with X- rays emitted by a tungstenanti-cathode, a higher tension across the electrodes is clevsir'ed thanwith the use of a tube in which the active surface of the anode consistsof copper. .The securing device of a tube-'of the latter kindisconsequently such that the resistance Y l@ serving to reduce the voltageremains included in the primary circuit. When mounting tubes of theformer hind, on the contrary, this resistance must be sliort-circuitedand for this reason the groove in nut 6 is omitted with these tubes. l

The head-piece 2 carries a table l? having secured to it instruments i8for making crystallographic diagrams, for example according to themethod Bebye-Scherrer. riihese instrumentsvarefslidable, over projecting arms i9V and, if required, they can be removed therefrom. .ihe X-raytube fl has two windows 2O and 2l for the passage of the rays to theoutside.

'A fan 22 mounted together with a driving motor 23 within trie headpiece :2 serves to cool the Xl-ray tube. Air is drawn-in by this fanthrough a screen Q-t and blown through an air channel into the spacecomprised between the X-ray tube and the envelope surrounding tlielatter. The air current passes then along the anodetsee the arrows) andliiids at the end of the envelope an opportunity to reach the outs` leby passing through apertures 2G. Simultaneously with the transformer,the motor 23 is connected to the a` failable networl so that it requiresno separate switch.

lt appears from the above that the appav before beingableto. openl thiscover. *1

l when Vthel cover fga'ffording-' accessi lthe` spaceenclo'sedb-y-thehead 2 is 0penedj,;there is 'no risk vof coming intofcontact v vithpartsunder 'high tension. owing to the that ,the

conductors leading .from they transformer to the connecting devicesforth-is tensio-nQa-re .in-a s ulated.v Besides, owing tof-the fact'thatthe Contact plug 28 `jfor thegelectricaly connection of the apparatusisylocatedin frontfof the cover 27 onejis obligedto., remove this tadvantageous to connect themid-p'ointvr which during; the operationofthe.

apparatus is connected to earth, each kOffq-the transformer.pole'spossess'es'4 h-al'fthef voltage existing across the electrodesAofi thetuber'v a Whatweclaini 'f on the transformercasing,'circuit-controls ling means in circuit'witlijsaid transformervmountedfon the transformercasing. f

2. Incombination, -a'high-,voltage ytrans-Q former, a'metallcas'ing forsaid transformen@` an -X-rayftube, a :conductive envelope sur-I roundingthe same, .Contact members connectand ymeans for 'detachablysecuringsaid X ray, tube to said. transformer casing V with ,the termin als ,ofisaid ytube in engagementfwithjV the transformen .terminal's,fsaidj;securing'- means being arranged to control said .,circuit-- controlling`means when `the r`'-X-ray tube is ed'` with .the tube, Acontactmembersgfand'- insulated;. ;conductors connecting the same. withv j thetransfo'r-mer, said' -first contact'members` cooperating'` withy saidsecond' contact mem-` bers, and' means for mechanically securing.'vthe'envelope ofthertube to the'fcasing `ofjthe transformer, said means[comprising :threadj ed rims and coupling nuts surrounding saidinsulatingconductors; S' f casing. therefor'including a- 'hollowheadpiece, Sa "conductive'e'n-velope, an' X-ray tube lenclosed bythelsaine and' in partial' yspaced relations therewith, Isaid f envelopebeing mounted on said g head-piece, means detach; ably connecting saidenvelope with said head-` piece, insulatedconductors connecting said4VX-ray `tube ywith vsaid*l transformen/means comprising an'felectricallyv drivenjfan withinV saidA head piece anda coimmunic'ating,tubelv'between said fan andf-the inter-space ,be-r tween the X-ray tube vandits envelope.'l Y` .4. An X-ray installation comprisingafcas-. ingincluding jan extension, a transformer enclosed in said casing having aprimary Vlowi tension winding'and a secondaryhigh-tension winding, Paconductive envelopeY detachably 'plus 1 is' 0f the" secondarywindingfof, the ,transformer to the" transformer casing-.sothat-'relatively to the@ casing,-

said. envelope," insulated conductors leading extension ofthe casingconnecting ythe 'transl -formerwithv the Xraytube,ineans forestabmounteden4 extension, anlX-raytubezin from. saidsec'ondary winding,through-.said f 'i n vli'shjinga mechanicalconnection betweenv saidenvelope. and saidA extension' including co axial rims ontheextensionAand the envelope "respectively and surrounding said'4 conclu@v ,7g a vsaid.primarywinding and-cooperatingrwith a part VofV themeansffor.mechanically 'sec-ur- "1 v ingy the conductive envelope to'theezitenslon v ofthe casingso. asto be closed'when 4saidj 80,

tors,fand la switch connected," in' serieswith connection isA made. 1

y Y5. AnfX-rayinsaiiaaon empfang-fa Cas-.

I ing.including aheadfpiece, agtransformer en-if v i closedtherebyhaving a primary .lowte`n`sio'n j.A 5 f' v 4windinandxa secondaryhigh-tension wind-v f ing,fan ray tube, anenclosing envelopefor.

said saidk secondary winding through rsaid'y headV` piece andelectrically connectingtheftrans- OrmerjWith the *Xerayltuba saidnvelopeeg.O

inch; said insulated conductors project, `szsaid azbranach i tubescarrying,glandV ynutsv having aviiat shaped front surface" opposed#tothe end"`sur' f Y. facefoffthe head-piece?, and-said apertures be!v95 Y ing surround'edbyxathreaded flangefiitting said gland-r nuts, Land.a ,-'pushlbutton switch connectedwinfseries with'` said primary Wind;v l1 ingland-imounted at the side ofone ofthe-up- 'ff offthe head-piecezand Lproj'ect-. '100 r nr inthe'direction of the airis :of v the .ass()jcfiated:glandy -nutfgs' Vas to be pushed a f inloy the ring-shapedfront surface ofisaidY iss'c'rewed on'the 'fright rim-S ling therefgl nd@nut when the s latter vupright'threaded-rim.- 'ff 2 6'.. Ane X-ray f intallation'fer utiliz'ing closedirinl aconductive' envelope, means for'pedestal and means 'including electric; coniv eitheroftwoLlX-raytubes.designed 'for differrv,en'tl'oper'ating1'voltages'comprisinga transl f former.' hayingga primary.. lowtensionWinde i y ing and` fa secondary highftension"windingg'ameer@eine@nominees 'same aneinander 1.. l I l ing. supportingpedestal,-Van X-raytubeenr A 1 3. Incombinatioma transfo rmer,"a,metalll:",ductorsdisposed insaid supporting'pedestalv I' n `for*connecting*theX-ray tube to s aidfsec-A f1 1 `ondary `wmding',fsaid -iirst meanscomprising afastening,memberion-theconductive enve-jv lopeof the tube,ya resistance connected in se- 7129 rieswith the primarywinding ofsaidftransT 5 formery anddisposed vin said supportingpedfestalandrgaswitch for' short-circuitingthe- ,v same, said switch beingmounted Von. the said Asupporting pedestal adjacent'thefastlfigi,y "ilmember of :the tube envelope so.y as. yto -be pedestal. f f

movedtoitsclosedpositionby the'fas'tening. -y -mem'bertwhensa'idjenvelopeis'attachedvto.they ,p 1 .l

130l f i' tube, .insulated conductors :leading lfrom either of two X-raytubes. designed for different operating voltages comprising atransformer having a primary low-.tension winding and a secondaryhigh-tension winding, a metal casing for said transformer including asupporting pedestal, an X-ray tube enclosed in a conductive envelope,means for securing said envelope to said supporting pedestal and meanscomprising insulated electric conductors disposed in said supportingpedestal for connecting the X-ray tube to said secondary winding, saidfirst means comprising upright threaded rims on the supporting pedestaland gland nuts cooperating with said rims and carried by the conductiveenvelope of the tube, the ends of said insulated conductors leading,through said rims and gland nuts when a tube is operatively secured tosaid supporting pedestal, a resistance connected in series with theprimary winding of said transformer and disposed within said supportingpedestal and a pushbutton switch for short-circuiting the same, saidpush-button switchbeing mounted on said supporting pedestal adjacent oneof said upright rims, so as to be pushed in by the corresponding glandnut of said tube envelope. y

8. ln combination, a metal casing including a hollow head-piece havingan apertured top portion, a transformer within said casing and havingterminals, a conductive envelope, an X-ray tube in said envelope, saidenvelope having tubular extensions in oooperative relation with theapertures in the top portion of said head-piece, insulated conductorsdisposed within said head-piece andleading through said apertures andtubular extensions and connected to said terminals of the transformer,and conductive means for connecting said terminals with the X-ray tube.Y i

9. An `lil-ray apparatus comprising a transformer, a metal casingenclosing the same and including a hollow head-piece, a substantiallycylindrical X-ray tube, a conductive envelope therefor having arestricted waist portion and enlarged end portions, supports at thewaist portion and two end portions of the envelope to'support the latteron the head-piece of the transformer casing and insulated supplyconductors disposed in said hollow head-piece and connecting said X-raytube to the transformer.

10. An X-ray installation for utilizing either of two X-ray tubesdesigned for different operating voltages comprising a transformerhaving a primary low-tension winding and a secondary high-tensionwinding, a metal casing enclosing said transformer and includingasupporting pedestal, an X- ray tube enclosed in a conductive envelope,means including conductors for connecting said X-ray tube to thesecondary winding of said transformer when the envelope of the tube ismounted on said supporting pedestal, means connected with the primarywinding of said transformer for varying the voltage to be applied to thetube and cooperating means on said envelope and pedestal for controllingsaid voltage-varying means. Y

l1. An X-ray installation for utilizing either of two X-ray tubesdesigned for different operating voltages comprising a transformerhaving a primary low-tension Winding and a secondary high-tensionwinding, a metal casing enclosing said transformer and' including asupporting pedestal, an X-ray tube enclosed in a conductive envelope,means for securing said envelope on said supporting pedestal, meansincluding electric conductors disposed in said supporting pedestal forconnecting the X-ray tube to said secondary winding, said first meanscomprising a fastening member on the conductive envelope ofthe tube, aresistance connected in series with the primary winding of saidtransformer and a' switch for shortcircuiting said resistance, saidswitch being mounted on said supporting pedestal adjacent the fasteningmember of the tube envelope, said fastening member being so shaped thatit does not actuat-e said switch when the envelope is attached to thepedestal. ln testimony whereof-we have signed our names to thisspecification.

' ALBERT BOUWERS.

WILLEM HONDIUS BOLDINGH.

llO

